3 × 3 rule

…any organization with more than twenty people

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You want to optimize the whole and avoid sub-optimization.

Forces:

• “Team building” creates better work teams without improving whole companies. Every team meeting gives rise to many more meetings before the work done at the center impacts the whole.
• You can only change a system in relation to the larger system of which it is a part.

Therefore:

Get any three levels and any three functions into the same conversation on any issue of mutual concern.

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You will gain a better resolution much faster if you provide people firsthand access to the other parts of the systems on whose behavior they rely.

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